PROJECTS

Small vessel visual surveys in the Mariana Islands Range Complex

Status

No topics.

Ocean

Region

Introduction & Objectives

The Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) Cetacean Research Program (CRP) has conducted research on cetaceans in the Mariana Archipelago since 2010 in cooperation with U.S. Navy Pacific Feet. The effort included summer and winter small-boat surveys off the southernmost islands (Saipan, Tinian, Aguijan, Rota, and Guam), development of photo-identification catalogs, and analysis of collected tissue samples and satellite telemetry tag data. Beginning in 2015, winter surveys were conducted specifically targeting humpback whales.  The goal of these efforts is to collect the data necessary to conduct population assessments for cetaceans within the Mariana Archipelago, including the determination of their occurrence, population structure and abundance, movements, distribution, and habitat use. In addition, these data may be used to evaluate the potential exposure of cetaceans to human-caused stressors within the waters surrounding the Mariana Archipelago including U.S. Navy operations (e.g., sonar, use of explosives), fisheries interactions, and dolphin tourism.

Technical Approach

PIFSC CRP conducted non-systematic visual surveys for cetaceans in the waters off the southernmost islands of the Mariana Archipelago (Saipan, Tinian, Aguijan, Rota, and Guam) aboard small vessels during 2010–February 2018.  All cetacean groups encountered were approached for species confirmation, group size estimates, photo-identification, biopsy sampling/sloughed skin collection, and acoustic recording when possible. In 2013, LIMPET configuration satellite tagging was implemented to investigate movements and spatial use of individuals of some species. Additional data collected during each sighting included the location (latitude/longitude), behavior, and estimates of calf (neonates and young of the year) numbers. Survey conditions (e.g., Beaufort sea state, swell height) and effort status were recorded regularly as conditions changed. A handheld Global Positioning System (GPS) automatically recorded the vessel’s track at 1-minute intervals.

In 2015, PIFSC CRP began conducting small-boat surveys targeting humpback whales off Saipan in February–March when the whales were expected to be present based known presence from December–April. The field procedures were the same as described above; however shallow water (≤ 200 m) areas were targeted based on known humpback whale habitat preferences in other wintering areas.

Progress & Results

Across all summer and winter small vessel survey efforts, PIFSC CRP conducted 245 days of non-systematic surveys for cetaceans off the southernmost islands of the Mariana Archipelago (Saipan, Tinian, Aguijan, Rota, and Guam) between 2010 and February 2018 and completed 22,488 km of on-effort trackline. There were 330 groups (excluding within-day re-sights) identified to 14 species including (in order of frequency of occurrence) spinner dolphin (Stenella longirostris), pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata), bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus), rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis), false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens), sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus), dwarf sperm whale (Kogia sima), pygmy killer whale (Feresa attenuata), Bryde's whale (Balaenoptera edeni), melon-headed whale (Peponocephala electra), Blainville's beaked whale (Mesoplodon densirostris), and Cuvier's beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris). A total of 122,871 photos and 402 biopsy samples were collected, 39 satellite tags were successfully deployed, and 9 single-species acoustic recordings were made. The cumulative number of species discovered during PIFSC small-boat surveys steadily increased before leveling out after a survey distance of 17,206 km.

Humpback whales were encountered in February–March 2015–2018 when targeted surveys were conducted off Saipan.  During these 31 days of survey, there were 39 encounters with humpback whales.  These resulted in the creation of a photo-identification catalog with 43 non-calf humpback whales.  Comparison of the photo-id catalog against catalogs from collaborators in other regions and genetic analysis of biopsy samples determined that humpback whales present in the Mariana Islands belong to the Western North Pacific distinct population segment. 

Project Information

Timeline

2010-2019

Location

Guam and southern CNMI (Tinian, Saipan, Rota, Aguijan)

Visual surveys (nearshore small vessel winter and summer season), photo-identification (develop catalogs for multiple cetacean species), biopsy and genetic analysis, satellite tagging, opportunistic acoustic recording during sightings

Conceptual Framework

Performing Organizations

Principal Investigators

Dr. Erin Oleson
Cetacean Research Program
Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center
National Marine Fisheries Service

Sponsor(s) & Funding

FY14 $458k; FY15 $495k; FY16 $489k; FY17 $352k; FY18 $307k

Point of Contacts

Program Manager
Julie Rivers
Pacific Fleet Environmental Readiness Division

Data, Reports, & Publications

Technical Reports

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The Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center’s (PIFSC) Cetacean Research Program (CRP) has conducted visual surveys for cetaceans in the waters surrounding Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) since 2010 as part of an ongoing effort to develop a record of cetacean occurrence in the region. During 24 August–9 September 2018, non-systematic visual surveys were conducted from small vessels off Saipan, Tinian, Aguijan, and Guam. A total of 1,168 km of trackline was surveyed and most was in Beaufort sea states of 2–4 (73%) and swell heights of 0–4 ft (71%). Twenty cetacean groups were encountered, resulting in the collection of 6,437 photos, 33 biopsy samples, and the deployment of 5 satellite tags.

Type: Ocean: Region: Species: Methods:
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The PIFSC CRP has conducted research on cetaceans in the Mariana Archipelago since 2010. A cooperative effort with funding from U.S. Navy Pacific Fleet and PIFSC has included summer and winter small-boat surveys off the southernmost islands (Saipan, Tinian, Aguijan, Rota, and Guam), development of photo-ID catalogs, analysis of collected tissue samples and satellite telemetry tag data, and shipboard visual and PAM surveys in portions of the EEZ in 2010 and 2015. PIFSC has maintained long-term PAM on moored recorders off Saipan and Tinian (since 2010) and off Pagan (since 2015) as part of the Pacific Islands Passive Acoustic Network (PIPAN). The goal of these efforts is to collect the data necessary to conduct population assessments for cetaceans within the Mariana Archipelago, including the determination of their occurrence, population structure and abundance, movements, distribution, and habitat use.

Type: Ocean: Region: Species: Methods:
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The Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center’s (PIFSC) Cetacean Research Program (CRP) has been conducting visual surveys and long-term acoustic monitoring for cetaceans in the waters surrounding Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) as part of an ongoing effort to develop a record of cetacean occurrence in the region. Visual surveys have been conducted aboard small boats (7.6–12.2 m) since 2010 off the southernmost islands of the Mariana Archipelago (Guam, Rota, Saipan, Tinian, and Aguijan). These surveys include the collection of photographs for individual identification, tissue samples for genetic analysis of population structure, and the deployment of satellite tags for assessment of individual movements throughout the broader region.

Type: Ocean: Region: Species: Methods:
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The Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center’s (PIFSC) Cetacean Research Program (CRP) has been conducting visual surveys and long-term acoustic monitoring for cetaceans in the waters surrounding Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) as part of an ongoing effort to develop a record of cetacean occurrence in the region. Visual surveys have been conducted aboard small boats (7.6-12.2 m) since 2010 off the southernmost islands of the Mariana Archipelago (Guam, Rota, Saipan, Tinian, and Aguijan). These surveys include the collection of photographs for individual identification, tissue samples for genetic analysis of population structure, and the deployment of satellite tags for assessment of individual movements throughout the broader region

Type: Ocean: Region: Species: Methods:
More details Collapse details

The Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center’s (PIFSC) Cetacean Research Program (CRP) has been conducting visual surveys and long-term acoustic monitoring for cetaceans in the waters surrounding Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) as part of an ongoing effort to develop a record of cetacean occurrence in the region. Visual surveys have been conducted aboard small boats (7.6-12.2 m) since 2010 off the southernmost islands of the Mariana Archipelago (Guam, Rota, Saipan, Tinian, and Aguijan). These surveys include the collection of photographs for individual identification, tissue samples for genetic analysis of population structure, and the deployment of satellite tags for assessment of individual movements throughout the broader region.

Type: Ocean: Region: Species: Methods:
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The Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center’s (PIFSC) Cetacean Research Program (CRP) has been conducting visual surveys for cetaceans in the waters surrounding Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) and collecting long-term passive acoustic monitoring data at two sites in CNMI as part of an ongoing effort to develop a record of cetacean occurrence in the region. Visual surveys, conducted aboard small boats (7.6 – 12.2 m), have been ongoing since 2010 off the southern Mariana Islands of Guam, Rota, Saipan, Tinian, and Aguijan. T

Type: Ocean: Region: Species: Methods:
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an effort to further develop a record of cetacean occurrence in the region, as well as to gather photos and biopsy samples and deploy satellite tags for population studies, the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center's (PIFSC) Cetacean Research Program (CRP) conducted surveys for cetaceans in the waters surrounding Guam and the CNМІ (Figure 1) during 2010-2014. This research was carried out in partnership with the U.S. Navy and is expected to continue through 2015. Detailed reports for each survey year were submitted to the Navy (Oleson and Hill 2010, Ligon et al. 2011, Hill et al. 2012, Hill et al. 2013).

Type: Ocean: Region: Species: Methods:
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A long-term goal of this research is the evaluation of the population status of each cetacean stock. This includes producing population abundance estimates using mark-recapture techniques. The first step in the process is the creation of species photo-identification catalogs, which began during the summer of 2012

Type: Ocean: Region: Species: Methods:
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e Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center’s (PIFSC) Cetacean Research Program (CRP) conducted surveys for cetaceans in the waters surrounding Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) in an effort to further develop a record of cetacean occurrence in the region.1 This was the fourth year conducting cetacean surveys aboard small boats (7.6 – 12.2 m) around the southern Mariana Islands of Guam, Rota, Saipan, Tinian, and Aguijan (Fig. 1). This project was carried out in partnership with the Commander, U.S. Pacific Fleet by a team of four primary personnel (Table 1). The collected data are being used to reveal the occurrence and distribution, stock structure, and movements of cetaceans within the study area.

Type: Ocean: Region: Species: Methods:
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The Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center’s (PIFSC) Cetacean Research Program (CRP) conducted surveys for cetaceans in the waters surrounding Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) (Figure 1) in an effort to further develop a record of cetacean occurrence in the region and to gather photos and biopsy samples for population studies. This project was carried out in partnership with the U.S. Navy Commander, Pacific Fleet by a team of six primary personnel (Table 1).

Type: Ocean: Region: Species: Methods:
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This report covers a number of activities carried out by the Cetacean Research Program (CRP) at the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) in 2009 and 2010 supported with partial funding from U.S. Navy Pacific Fleet (PACFLT). The report is intended to provide preliminary data and results from 4 survey efforts between Hawaii and Guam in early 2010.

Type: Ocean: Region: Species: Methods:

Publications

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Found: a missing breeding ground for endangered western North Pacific humpback whales in the Mariana Archipelago. Hill MC, Bradford AL, Steel D, Baker CS, Ligon AD, Ü AC, Acebes JMV, Filatova OA, Hakala S, Kobayashi N, Morimoto Y, Okabe H, Okamoto R, Rivers J, Sato T, Titova OV, Uyeyama RK, Oleson EM. 2020. Endangered Species Research
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Short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) of the Mariana Archipelago: Individual affiliations, movements, and spatial use. Hill, M.C., A.R. Bendlin, A.M. Van Cise, A. Milette‐Winfree, A.D. Ligon, A.C. Ü, M.H. Deakos, and E.M. Oleson. 2019. Marine Mammal Science
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Clicks of dwarf sperm whales (Kogia sima). Merkens, K., D. Mann, V.M. Janik, D. Claridge, M. Hill, and E. Oleson. 2018. Marine Mammal Science
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Presentations

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